Theme - In Luke's account of Paul's work in Thessalonica, we are told that he reasoned in the synagogue three Sabbaths, but the result of his ministry in the city clearly indicates that he remained there for a much longer period (Acts 17:1-10). After leaving Thessalonica, Paul visited Berea, thence to Athens, and on to Corinth. He appears to have sent Timothy back to Thessalonica, and when Timothy later rejoined Paul at Corinth, he brought disquieting news from Thessalonica. Many had misunderstood the teachings of Paul in his presentation of Jesus as King and expected his return at once. This led to serious abuses and much disorder. Timothy reported also the continued intensity of persecution, outside opposition to Paul, and the return of some converts to heathen impurities; but he cheered the heart of the apostle with news that many were loyal to the faith and yearned for the return of Paul.

These reports of Timothy formed the occasion for the writing of this Epistle and had much influence in suggesting the contents. His purpose was sixfold: To commend them for their faith; to defend himself against the charges of his enemies; to strengthen the bonds between himself and the Thessalonian church; to urge upon them moral purity, brotherly love, and a diligent discharge of their secular work; to correct their erroneous ideas about the Lord's return; and to encourage a spirit of watchfulness, considerateness, and faithfulness in their Christian duties. The doctrine of the Second Coming of Christ is prominent throughout, and the several distinct phases of the Epistle centre in and radiate from this doctrine.

Outline - In a simple analysis, four main divisions are suggested: I. The Ideal Spiritual State of the Church (1) II. Paul's Personal Character and Ministry in Thessalonica (2:1-16) III. Paul's Continued Interest in the Church (2:17-3:13) IV. Exhortations and Doctrines (4-5)